Introduction to Chemistry (Chemistry Summary Notes)
Ø The elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in increasing Atomic Number.
Ø There are two types of elements in the periodic table, these are the metals and non metals.
Metals:
- All metals are solid at r.t.p. exept for mercury (Hg).
- They have high melting points and boiling points
- They all have a shiny appearance
- They are good conductors of heat and electricity
- They are malleable*1 and ductile*2
Non-Metals
- They can be solid, liquid or gas at r.t.p.
- They have low melting points and boiling points
- They have a dull appearance
- They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- They are solids and brittle*3
Group 1 metals (see metals Notes)
Group 2 metals (see metals Notes)
Transition metals (see metals Notes)
Group 3 elements
- These are all metals exept for boron.
Non-metals found in groups 4, 5,6,7,0.
- These have 4, 5,6,7,8 electrons in their outer shell’s respectively.
- They can gain negative electrons and hence becoming negative ions which are called anions during ionic bonding.
- Carbon and Silicon are in group 4, these are black shiny solids.
- Nitrogen and phosphorus are in group 5, phosphorous is very flammable and it is stored under water.
- Sulfur and oxygen are in group 6, sulfur is a yellow solid at r.t.p. and has a pungent smell.
Group 7 (see halogens notes)
- The noble gasses are the last group of the periodic table, these have a full outer shell and so they are very stable and unreactive.
Ø There are two types of elements in the periodic table, these are the metals and non metals.
Metals:
- All metals are solid at r.t.p. exept for mercury (Hg).
- They have high melting points and boiling points
- They all have a shiny appearance
- They are good conductors of heat and electricity
- They are malleable*1 and ductile*2
Non-Metals
- They can be solid, liquid or gas at r.t.p.
- They have low melting points and boiling points
- They have a dull appearance
- They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- They are solids and brittle*3
Group 1 metals (see metals Notes)
Group 2 metals (see metals Notes)
Transition metals (see metals Notes)
Group 3 elements
- These are all metals exept for boron.
Non-metals found in groups 4, 5,6,7,0.
- These have 4, 5,6,7,8 electrons in their outer shell’s respectively.
- They can gain negative electrons and hence becoming negative ions which are called anions during ionic bonding.
- Carbon and Silicon are in group 4, these are black shiny solids.
- Nitrogen and phosphorus are in group 5, phosphorous is very flammable and it is stored under water.
- Sulfur and oxygen are in group 6, sulfur is a yellow solid at r.t.p. and has a pungent smell.
Group 7 (see halogens notes)
- The noble gasses are the last group of the periodic table, these have a full outer shell and so they are very stable and unreactive.